Kaze fukeba okitsu shiranami tatsutayama yowa ni ya kimi ga hitori koyuramu - Kokin Wakashu(English Translation & Meaning)

風吹けば沖つ白波たつた山
夜半にや君がひとり越ゆらむ

Roma-ji: Kaze fukeba okitsu shiranami tatsutayama yowa ni ya kimi ga hitori koyuramu
English Translation: When the wind blows,
white waves rise far out at sea;
over Tatsuta Hill
in the dead of night, my lord,
are you crossing all alone?
Meaning: When the wind blows, the white waves rise out at sea; over Mount Tatsuta, whose name recalls their rising, are you crossing alone, my love, in the middle of the night?
Commentary: Book Eighteen Miscellaneous Poems II 994

Headnote: "Topic unknown"
According to the left note, a man who used to visit a woman in Yamato found a new woman in Kawachi and began going to her, yet the first woman sent him off without showing any resentment. Suspicious, the man pretended to leave for Kawachi and hid in the garden shrubbery to watch; the woman played the koto late into the night, sighed, recited this poem and went to bed. Hearing it, the man never again went elsewhere.
Far from resenting her husband, the woman worries about him crossing the steep Mount Tatsuta alone in the dead of night, and this sincerity is the heart of the poem. The story also appears in the latter part of section 23 of The Tales of Ise, "Tsutsuizutsu," and in the Tales of Yamato.
The next poem, 995, also sings of Mount Tatsuta, so two poems on the mountain stand together.
The author is recorded as anonymous, and the name has not come down to us.

The first line, "when the wind blows," sets the condition.
The second line, "white waves ... far out at sea," uses tsu, an old particle meaning "of." Together with the first line it forms a preface leading, through waves that "rise" (tatsu), to tatsu in the third line.
The third line names Mount Tatsuta on the border of Yamato and Kawachi, with the pivot word tatsu, waves "rising" and the place name Tatsuta.
The fourth line, "in the dead of night, my lord," uses the interrogative ya, answered by ramu at the end.
The last line, "are you crossing all alone?", uses ramu, conjecture about the present, imagining her absent husband.
Author: Unknown Poet
Source: Kokin Wakashu
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