Iwa no ue ni tabine o sureba ito samushi koke no koromo o ware ni kasanan - Gosen Wakashu(English Translation & Meaning)

岩の上に旅寝をすればいと寒し
音の衣を我に貸さなん

Roma-ji: Iwa no ue ni tabine o sureba ito samushi koke no koromo o ware ni kasanan
English Translation: On a bed of rock
I sleep a traveler's sleep—
how bitter the cold!
That robe of moss you wear,
will you not lend it to me?
Meaning: Sleeping a traveler's sleep here on the rocks, I am bitterly cold. Won't you lend me your robe of moss, your monk's robe?
Commentary: Book Seventeen Miscellaneous Poems III 1195

Headnote: "I went to worship at a temple called Isonokami, and as the sun had set, I stayed, meaning to go home at dawn. When someone told me that Henjō was at this temple, I sent him this to try his heart with a word."
The poet says that sleeping a traveler's sleep on the rocks she is bitterly cold, and asks him to lend her his robe of moss. Playing "iwa no ue," on the rock, against the temple's name Isonokami, and asking for the moss robe a monk wears, she tests the heart of Henjō, said to be at the temple.
According to the headnote, Komachi went to worship at a temple called Isonokami and, the sun having set, stayed the night to return at dawn; when told Henjō was there, she sent this to test him with a word. The next poem is Henjō's reply, and the two form an exchange. Miscellaneous Poems III opens with this witty dialogue between two celebrated poets.
The poet, Ono no Komachi, was a woman poet of the early Heian period, one of the Six Poetic Immortals and the Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals. The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu includes her poem "Hana no iro wa utsurinikeri na itazura ni."
This exchange also appears in the Tales of Yamato, as a story of Komachi and Henjō at the Isonokami temple.
The text of the fourth line reads "音の衣を," which does not agree with the reading line, "koke no koromo o." The text's writing is kept here, but following the reading line and "koke no koromo" in the next poem, it is understood as the robe of moss.

The first line, "Iwa no ue ni," means "on the rock," rephrasing the temple's name Isonokami and conveying the cold of a bed on rough stone.
The second line, "tabine o sureba," means "as I sleep away from home," with "ba" giving the cause.
The third line, "ito samushi," means "it is bitterly cold," and the poem pauses here.
The fourth line, "koke no koromo o," means "the robe of moss," the coarse robe of a monk. The same words open the second line of the next poem, "koke no koromo wa," and are the hinge of the exchange.
The last line, "ware ni kasanan," means "will you not lend it to me," with "nan" a particle of request. It is answered by "kasaneba" in the fourth line of the next poem.
Author: Ono no Komachi
Source: Gosen Wakashu
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