Haru tateba yuki no shitamizu uchitokete tani no uguisu ima zo naku naru - Senzai Wakashu(English Translation & Meaning)

春立てば雪の下水うち解けて
谷の鶯今ぞ鳴くなる

Roma-ji: Haru tateba yuki no shitamizu uchitokete tani no uguisu ima zo naku naru
English Translation: Now spring has risen,
the water under the snow
melts and flows freely;
the warbler of the valley
is singing, I hear, at last
Meaning: Now that spring has come, the water under the snow has melted and flows freely, and the warbler in the valley seems at last to be singing.
Commentary: Book One Spring Poems I 5

Headnote: "Composed on the bush warbler at the second round of the poetry contest at the palace in the second year of Jōryaku"
Composed on the topic "bush warbler" for the second round of a poetry contest held at Emperor Shirakawa's palace in 1078, this poem tells how, with spring, the water beneath the snow thaws and flows, and the warbler that stayed in the valley all winter seems at last to begin singing. Spring is felt through two sounds, meltwater and birdsong.
The author, "Fujiwara no Akitsuna Ason," is Fujiwara no Akitsuna, son of Consultant Fujiwara no Kanetsune. He served as governor of Sanuki and was known as the Sanuki lay priest. He was the father of Fujiwara no Nagako, author of the Sanuki no Suke Diary.
The notion of the warbler leaving the valley to announce spring follows the tradition of Ōe no Chisato's poem in the Kokin Wakashū, which asks who would know spring had come if not for the warbler's voice emerging from the valley.

First line, "haru tateba": the realized-condition form, "since spring has risen."
Second line, "yuki no shitamizu": water running beneath piled snow. It uses the same phrase as 2, two poems earlier, sharing the idea of meltwater announcing spring.
Third line, "uchitokete": "uchi" is an intensifying prefix, and the phrase means that ice and snow thaw completely. The image of frozen things melting also suggests the loosening of winter's closed-in mood.
Fourth line, "tani no uguisu": the warbler was thought to winter in the valleys and emerge to sing in spring.
Fifth line, "ima zo naku naru": the particle "zo" links with "naru," the attributive form of the inferential "nari." The poet infers the warbler's song from the voice he hears.
Author: Fujiwara no Akitsuna
Source: Senzai Wakashu
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