Toyama fuku arashi no kaze no oto kikeba madaki ni fuyu no oku zo shiraruru - Senzai Wakashu(English Translation & Meaning)

外山吹く嵐の風の音聞けば
まだきに冬の奥ぞ知らるる

Roma-ji: Toyama fuku arashi no kaze no oto kikeba madaki ni fuyu no oku zo shiraruru
English Translation: When I hear the sound
of the storm wind as it blows
across the near hills,
already, ahead of time,
I know the depths of winter
Meaning: When I hear the storm wind blowing over the nearby hills, I already sense, ahead of its time, the deep heart of winter.
Commentary: Book Six Winter Poems 396

Headnote: "Topic unknown"
When she hears the storm blowing over the nearby hills, the poet says, though winter has only just begun, its deep severity is already borne in upon her. From the fierce sound of the wind at winter's threshold she senses in advance how deep the season will grow.
The author, Izumi Shikibu, was the daughter of Ōe no Masamune, Governor of Echizen, and was known by this name because she married Tachibana no Michisada, Governor of Izumi. She served Empress Shōshi, consort of Emperor Ichijō, and is known for her passionate love poems. She is one of the Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals of the middle period, and a poem of hers is included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu.
Following 393 and 395 of this book, it is another poem that hears winter in a change in the sound of the wind.
The second line of the main text reads "貴のかせの," which does not match "arashi no kaze no" in the line of readings. Since "貴" appears to be an error for "嵐," the storm, it is read here as "arashi" following the line of readings.

First line, "toyama fuku": "toyama" are the hills near a village, the foothills.
Second line, "arashi no kaze no": the fierce wind that sweeps down from the mountains.
Third line, "oto kikeba": "ba" gives a fixed condition, "when I hear the sound." Taking up the "sound of the storm" of the preceding poem, 395, here too the storm announces winter.
Fourth line, "madaki ni fuyu no": "madaki ni" means "already, before its time."
Fifth line, "oku zo shiraruru": "oku" is the depth of winter yet to come. The emphatic "zo" closes with "ruru," the attributive of the spontaneous "ru," "it makes itself known."
Author: Izumi Shikibu
Source: Senzai Wakashu
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