Tsuki sayuru kōri no ue ni arare furi kokoro kudakuru Tamagawa no sato - Senzai Wakashu(English Translation & Meaning)

月冴ゆる氷の上に霰降り
心砕くる玉川の里

Roma-ji: Tsuki sayuru kōri no ue ni arare furi kokoro kudakuru Tamagawa no sato
English Translation: On the ice that gleams
so chill beneath the moon
the hailstones fall,
and the heart is shattered too
in the village of Tamagawa
Meaning: Onto the ice that gleams cold beneath the moon the hail comes down, and in the village of Tamagawa the heart breaks into pieces.
Commentary: Book Six Winter Poems 443

Headnote continued from the preceding poem: "Composed as a poem on ice when he called for a hundred-poem sequence"
Composed on the topic of ice for the Kyūan Hyakushu. Onto the ice that gleams cold beneath the moon the hail comes down, the poet says, and in the village of Tamagawa the heart breaks into pieces. Layering the cold winter sights of moon, ice and hail, he depicts the sound and glitter of hail shattering on ice and the beholder's heart breaking into a thousand pieces with it.
The author, "Kōtaigōgū no Daibu Shunzei," was the son of Provisional Middle Counselor Fujiwara no Toshitada. At the command of Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa he compiled this anthology, the Senzai Wakashū. He was the father of Fujiwara no Teika, and a poem of his is included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu.
The preceding poem, 442, and this one are poems on ice from the Kyūan Hyakushu, both placing "Tamagawa" in the last line. Where the preceding poem sings of ice gleaming in stillness, this one brings hail down upon it, a contrast of stillness and motion.

First line, "tsuki sayuru": "sayu" is to be cold and clear, the chill of the winter moonlight.
Second line, "kōri no ue ni": like "tsurara ite" in the preceding poem, 442, it sings of the frozen river surface.
Third line, "arare furi": "hail falling" on the ice. Poems on hail continue from this one into the next, 444.
Fourth line, "kokoro kudakuru": "the heart breaking," to be troubled or torn, overlaid with the hail shattering on the ice. It links by the same word to "kokoro kudake to" in the next poem, 444, and "kudakuru" in 437 of this book.
Fifth line, "Tamagawa no sato": the poem ends on a noun, paired with "Tamagawa no mizu" in the preceding poem, 442.
Author: Fujiwara no Shunzei
Source: Senzai Wakashu
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